With the rising popularity of K-dramas and K-pop, Korean is now one of the languages people from around the world want to learn. If you are interested in exploring the Korean way of life or are a fan of BTS, mastering the Korean language is an essential skill that will truly open doors to great opportunities.
When it comes to language fundamentals, numbers are among the top-most things you should learn. Like letters, numbers are vital for everyday communication, whether expressing quantities, understanding the Korean currency rate, or telling date and time.
In Korea, they have two number systems – Sino-Korean and Native Korean. A good understanding of both number systems will help you effectively communicate in Korean.
The Two Number Systems in Korea
Korea has two distinct types of numbers. Each type serves a specific purpose and is used in different contexts. Awareness of both number systems is crucial for properly using and expressing Korean numbers.
Sino-Korean Number System
Number | Sino-Korean Writing | Sino-Korean Pronunciation |
1 | 일 | il |
2 | 이 | i |
3 | 삼 | sam |
4 | 사 | sa |
5 | 오 | o |
6 | 육 | yuk |
7 | 칠 | chil |
8 | 팔 | pal |
9 | 구 | gu |
10 | 십 | ship |
20 | 이십 | i-ship |
30 | 삼십 | sam-ship |
40 | 사십 | sa-ship |
50 | 오십 | o-ship |
60 | 육십 | yuk-ship |
70 | 칠십 | chil-ship |
80 | 팔십 | pal-ship |
90 | 구십 | gu-ship |
100 | 백 | baek |
The Sino-Korean system came from Chinese characters, which were used to represent Korean words before Hangul was created. If you are familiar with the Chinese language and numbers, you can find lots of similarities in this number system.
To get a good grasp of Sino-Korean numbers, you must memorize a set of 18 numbers – one to ten and words for hundred, thousand, and other. Once you master the basic numbers, you can create larger numbers easily by combining them. For instance, 20 is expressed as “i-ship”, which is a combination of 2 (i) and 10 (ship). This pattern continues in bigger numbers also.
Native Korean Number System
Number | Native Korean Number | Native Korean Pronunciation |
1 | 하나 | ha-na |
2 | 둘 | dul |
3 | 셋 | set |
4 | 넷 | net |
5 | 다섯 | da-seot |
6 | 여섯 | yeo-seot |
7 | 일곱 | il-gop |
8 | 여덟 | yeo-deol |
9 | 아홉 | a-hop |
10 | 열 | yeol |
20 | 스물 | seumul |
30 | 서른 | seoreun |
40 | 마흔 | maheun |
50 | 쉰 | swin |
60 | 예순 | yesun |
70 | 일흔 | ilheun |
80 | 여든 | yeodeun |
90 | 아흔 | aheun |
The Native Korean numbering system is the modern type that is being used in the Korean language to express age or quantify items. It has a smaller set of numbers than the Sino-Korean. These range from one to ninety-nine.
Due to the multiple syllables and complex phrases of the Native Korean counting system, this numerical system may be challenging to learn at first. But if you focus on the numbers that are frequently used, like one to four, you can expand your knowledge and progress to expressing higher numbers.
If you must form numbers from 11 to 19, just combine the Native Korean numbers for one to nine with the word for ten. For example, 11 is yeolhana, 12 is yeoldul, 13 is yeolset, and so on.
Take note that numbers above ten are rarely used in daily conversations unless when it comes to expressing age. Thus, learning numbers such as twenty, thirty, and so on is still essential.
The Current Korean Currency Rate
Understanding the currency rate is also helpful. This will help you perform financial transactions like shopping or dining out, especially when you visit Korea. Most importantly, it will enhance your overall comprehension of the Korean language.
The Korean currency is called the South Korean won (KRW). The Korean won exchange rate fluctuates with market conditions and can vary from day to day. Check out banks, currency exchange services, and other reliable financial sources for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Additionally, explore the online platforms that provide real-time currency converters. You can use it to check the exchange rate between your home currency and the Korean won.
Remember, various economic factors influence the currency rate. These include interest rates, inflation, and geopolitical events. Therefore, staying informed and monitoring the currency rate is essential if you plan to engage in financial transactions involving the Korean currency.
Practice Tips for Mastering Korean Numbers
1. Learn the basic numbers from one to ten
Consider writing them multiple times or reading them aloud to easily memorize and understand the Korean numbers. For instance, cite phone numbers aloud. Challenge yourself to count in Korean regularly, which will help you become familiar with the number patterns.
2. Use Korean numbers in real-life scenarios
When you go shopping, try asking for the price of an item in Korean. Use the currency rate to convert the amount into your currency and see if you can calculate it correctly. This practical application will improve your number skills and make you more confident using Korean in everyday situations.
3. Find a language partner or join a study group
Find someone or enroll in study groups to practice speaking and listening to Korean numbers. Engage in conversations about money, prices, and currency rates. Doing so will give you valuable exposure to the language and help you become more comfortable using numbers in different contexts.
4. Incorporate multimedia resources into your practice routine
Numerous online platforms, such as language learning apps or websites, offer interactive exercises and quizzes specifically designed to improve number skills. These resources often provide audio recordings of native speakers pronouncing numbers, greatly aiding your listening comprehension.
5. Make use of mnemonics and visual aids
Associate each number with a memorable image or create silly rhymes to remember their pronunciation. For example, you could associate the number four with a picture of a fork, as both words start with the letter “F.” These techniques can help you retain information more effectively and make learning more enjoyable.
Final Thoughts
Learning the Korean language does not just involve understanding Hangul. A good grasp of the country’s number system is also crucial as you will use them in everyday conversations.
Like learning a Native Korean word, consistent practice is key to mastering the Korean number systems. Review and reinforce what you have learned, and you will soon be able to count or express numbers effortlessly in Korean.